Radical orchiectomy is surgery to remove a testicle. It's most often done to treat testicular cancer. Or it may be needed if a testicle is severely damaged due to infection or injury. Some forms of treatment for prostate cancer include orchiectomy.

The penis is not affected by the surgery. The sac of skin that holds the testicles (scrotum) also stays the same after surgery.

Having a testicle removed can affect how you feel about your body. It may help to talk with a mental health provider before or after the procedure. In some cases, an artificial testicle (prosthesis) can be placed during surgery or at a later time. You and your doctor can discuss if this is an option for you.

Having a testicle removed could affect your ability to have children (fertility). If you want to have children, you may choose to store sperm before the procedure as a safety measure. Talk with your doctor about this.

Prepare for the surgery as you have been told. Also, be sure to:

• Tell your doctor about all medicines you take. This includes over-the-counter and prescription medicines, vitamins, herbs, and other supplements. It also includes any blood thinners, such as warfarin, apixaban, clopidogrel, or daily aspirin. You may need to stop taking some or all of them before surgery.
• Follow any directions you are given for not eating or drinking before your surgery. (If you have been instructed to take medicines, take them with a small sip of water.)

The surgery takes about 1 hour. You may go home the same day. Or you may spend one or more nights in the hospital.

• An I.V. (intravenous) line is put into a vein in your arm or hand. This line delivers fluids and medicines (such as antibiotics).
• You may be given medicine to prevent blood clots.
• To keep you pain-free during the surgery, you may be given general anesthesia. This medicine puts you into a deep sleep-like state through the surgery. A tube may be put into your throat to help you breathe. Spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia are also options. You can talk about these options with the anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist.

• A cut (incision) is made in the groin.
• The testicle is removed. In cases of testicular cancer, the spermatic cord may also be removed. This structure contains nerves, arteries, and a tube that carries sperm away from the testicle.
• When the surgery is done, the incision is closed with stitches or staples. These may need to be removed by the doctor at a follow-up visit.

You will be taken to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) to be closely monitored as you wake up from the anesthesia. You may feel sleepy and nauseated. If a breathing tube was used, your throat may be sore at first. An ice pack may be placed on the surgical area. This helps reduce swelling. You may also be given a jockstrap to wear. This helps ease pain and swelling, and prevents injury. Once you are ready to go home, have an adult family member or friend drive you.

Follow the instructions you have been given to care for yourself. During your recovery:

• To help reduce swelling, put an ice pack or cold compress on the scrotum as directed. Do this for no longer than 15 minutes at a time. Keep using the cold pack for 3 days, or until swelling improves. To make an ice pack, put ice cubes in a plastic bag that seals at the top. Wrap the bag in a clean, thin towel or cloth. Never put ice or an ice pack right on the skin.
• Take prescribed pain medicine as directed.
• Care for your incision as instructed. Check the incision daily for signs of infection.
• Follow your doctor's guidelines for showering. Don't swim, bathe, use a hot tub, or do other things that will cover the incision with water until your doctor says it's okay.
• Wear a jockstrap or snug underwear as directed.
• Don't do heavy lifting and strenuous exercise as directed.
• Don't have sex for 4 weeks.
• Don't drive until you are no longer taking pain medicine and your doctor says it's okay.

Call your doctor right away if you have:

• A fever of 100.4° F ( 38°C ) or higher, or as directed by your doctor.
• Symptoms of infection at the incision site such as:
  • More redness or swelling.
  • Warmth.
  • Pain that gets worse.
  • Bad-smelling drainage.
• More pain or swelling in the scrotum or groin area.
• Pain that is not eased by pain medicine.

Call 911 right away if you have:

• Chest pain.
• Trouble breathing.

You will have follow-up visits so your doctor can check on your healing. Stitches or staples may need to be removed. You and your doctor can also talk about any further treatments you may need.

All procedures have risks. Some possible problems from this procedure include:

• Bleeding (may require a blood transfusion).
• Infection.
• Damage to nearby nerves, blood vessels, soft tissues, and organs.
• Infertility.
• Changes in hormone levels.
• Cancer comes back or it spreads.
• Risks of anesthesia (the anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist will talk about these with you).