Breast reduction surgery is also called reduction mammoplasty. Fat, tissue, and skin are removed from the breasts to make them smaller. The size of the dark skin around the nipple (areola) may be reduced. And the nipple may be moved higher on the breast.

Prepare for the surgery as you have been told. Also:

• Tell your surgeon about any recent health conditions, such as infections, and about all the medicines you take. This includes vitamins, herbs, and other supplements. It also includes any blood thinners, such as warfarin, clopidogrel, and certain anti-inflammatory medicines, such as daily aspirin. You may need to stop taking some or all of them before surgery.
• Follow any directions you are given for not eating or drinking before surgery.
• Don't smoke before or after surgery. Your doctor may delay your surgery if you are smoking. Smoking reduces the blood flow in the skin and nipples, and it increases the risk of problems with wound healing. Nicotine from any source (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, patches, chewing tobacco) slows healing.

The surgery takes about 2 to 4 hours. You may go home the same day. Or you may stay overnight in a hospital or outpatient surgical center.

• You'll be asked to sign an informed consent form for both surgery and anesthesia. Be sure all of your questions about the procedure are answered before you sign.
• An I.V. (intravenous) line is put into a vein in your arm or hand. This line delivers fluids and medicines.
• You'll be given medicine to keep you pain-free during surgery. This may be general anesthesia, which puts you into a state like deep sleep. A tube may be put into your throat to help you breathe. Or you may have sedation, which makes you relaxed and sleepy. If you have sedation, local anesthesia will be injected to numb the area being worked on. The anesthesiologist will discuss your choices with you.

• The doctor makes one or more cuts (incisions) in your breast. Incisions are mostly made around the areola. But they extend down under your breast as well. You and your doctor will have discussed incision sites before the surgery.
• The doctor removes fat, tissue, and skin from the breast. In some cases, fat is removed using liposuction. This means putting a hollow tube (cannula) into the breast. A special vacuum pulls fat through the cannula.
• If needed, the areola and nipple are removed and positioned higher on the breast. To reduce the size of the areola, extra skin is removed. The areola is then stitched into place. The areola may be moved as a skin graft. This will result in a temporary or permanent loss of feeling in your nipples. Your doctor will discuss which method is best for you.
• The process is repeated on the other breast.
• The incisions are closed with stitches, surgical glue, or both. A tube (drain) may be placed into each incision before it is closed. This drains extra fluid as the wounds start to heal.

You will be watched as you wake up from the anesthesia. You may feel sleepy and nauseated. If a breathing tube was used, your throat may be sore at first. You will be given medicine to control pain or nausea. When you're ready, you will be able to go home with an adult family member or friend. Or you may be moved to a room to stay overnight.

When you are back at home, follow any directions you are given. Your doctor or surgeon will tell you when you can return to your normal routine. During your recovery:

• Take any prescribed medicines exactly as directed.
• Don't smoke or use nicotine products. These decrease blood flow and slow healing.
• Wear the special bra or bandage you were given before discharge as directed by your surgeon or doctor.
• Care for your incisions and the dressing (bandage) over them as directed by your surgeon or doctor.
• Follow your surgeon or doctor's guidelines for showering. Don't swim, take a bath, use a hot tub, or do other activities that cause the incisions to be covered with water until your doctor says it's okay.
• When you shower, gently wash your incision sites. Then pat the incisions dry. Don't put lotions, oils, or creams on the incisions until after they are fully healed.
• Don't raise your arms above breast level for 10 days. And don't lift, push, or pull anything heavier than 10 pounds for at least 7 days.
• Don't drive until you are no longer taking prescription pain medicine and your surgeon or doctor says it's okay. When riding in a car, carefully position the seatbelt so that it doesn't go across your breasts.
• Be aware that breast swelling may last for 3 to 5 weeks. Talk with your surgeon or doctor about ways to manage the swelling. Follow directions as advised.

Call 911right away if you have:

• Severe chest pain.
• Trouble breathing.

Contact your doctor if you have:

• A fever of 100.4° F (38°C) or higher, or as advised by your doctor.
• Bleeding or drainage through the special bra or bandage.
• Symptoms of infection at an incision site, such as increased redness or swelling, warmth, pain that gets worse, or bad-smelling fluid leaking.
• Pain that is not eased by prescribed pain medicine or pain that gets worse.
• Much more soreness, swelling, or bruising on one breast compared to the other.
• An awareness that your breast is very warm to the touch.
• New symptoms, or symptoms that get worse.

You will have follow-up visits so that your surgeon or doctor can see how well you're healing. If needed, stitches or drains will be removed at one of these visits. If you have any questions or concerns about your recovery, let your doctor know.

Risks and possible complications include:

• Bleeding or infection.
• Blood clots.
• Extra internal or external scarring.
• Breasts that are not the same shape or size.
• Breasts that are too firm.
• Changes in breast or nipple sensation (temporary or permanent).
• Damage to nerves, muscles, or blood vessels.
• Open skin wounds.
• Pain that doesn't go away.
• Death of fat cells deep in the skin (fat necrosis).
• Inability to breastfeed.
• Not being happy with how your breasts look.
• Risks of anesthesia. The anesthesiologist will discuss these with you.